Essay on Addictions to Smoking and Alcohol - 836 Words

Addictions to Smoking and Alcohol A lot of people suffer from the consequences of smoking and drinking alcohol, which often leads to addiction. The word addiction is a very powerful word in this sense, as it means the physical and psychological craving for a substance that develops into a dependency, and continues even though it is causing the addicted person physical, psychological and social harm. The disease of addiction is chronic and progressive; it can lead to extremely dangerous outcomes. This applies to both smoking, and alcohol addiction. Smoking is not just a bad habit, but also a complex addiction. Experts believe that nicotine exerts its powerful addictive effects by†¦show more content†¦Smoking increases the risk of suffering from heart diseases, stroke, other lung diseases and other respiratory illnesses. The body develops horrific reactions to the daily onslaught of smoking. It damages the blood vessels in the legs and arms for example, which lead to restricted circulation and even amputation of the limbs. Also, a smoker addict will eventually start getting eye irritations (which leads to blindness), foul smelling hair, hair loss and even start developing a loss of smell. All of these reactions are due to the dangerous chemicals cigarettes contain. One example of such a chemical is hydrogen cyanide, which can lead to headaches, nausea, dizziness and vomiting. Whilst breaking the physical addiction to nicotine is hard, for many smokers breaking the habit - the psychological addiction - is much harder. This is mainly because smoking is likely to have become deeply ingrained over many years, and has therefore become an integral part of many emotional occasions. Sad or unhappy, bored or having to concentrate hard, happy and relaxed with friends - cigarettes are likely to have played a part in almost all of these situations. Some people smoke because of the way cigarettes are advertised, and where they are shown. Another reason whyShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Concept of Dual Addiction1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Concept of Dual Addiction This research paper will focus on the concept of dual addiction specifically, that of alcohol addiction and simultaneous nicotine addiction. I should make note at this point of my personal interest in the addictive process is a result of the existence of addiction in my family. I have experienced and observed the chaos, hardships and tragedies in my family as a result of the progressive nature of the addiction process. First, I would like to provide a general definitionRead MoreWhy do teenagers indulge in alcoholism and smoking?873 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2013 Why do teenagers indulge in alcoholism and smoking? In today’s society many teenagers are introduced to new ideas every day. Teenage years often include adjusting to new people, and experimenting and trying out many unfamiliar ideas. As a teenager some maybe naà ¯ve and not fully think of consequences, and or long term effects of indulging in these type of activities. The cause for teenagers indulging in alcoholism and smoking can be many reasons. For some teens, peer pressure, curiosityRead MoreDrug Addiction And The Rehabilitation Center1357 Words   |  6 Pagesfamilies. Having an addiction takes time to control within yourself. There are centers of rehabilitation that are very helpful and could show how to overcoming a drug addiction. Getting help from others can by helpful to overcome their addiction and have a successful recovery. There are many rehabilitation centers that help drug addicts overcome their addictions. The rehabilitation centers have special treatment and medicine to help those people that need it. 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The Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis

Organisms grow and reproduce through cell division. In eukaryotic cells, the production of new cells occurs as a result of mitosis and meiosis. These two nuclear division processes are similar but distinct. Both processes involve the division of a diploid cell, or a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (one chromosome donated from each parent). In mitosis, the genetic material (DNA) in a cell is duplicated and divided equally between two cells. The dividing cell goes through an ordered series of events called the cell cycle. The mitotic cell cycle is initiated by the presence of certain growth factors or other signals that indicate that the production of new cells is needed. Somatic cells of the body replicate by mitosis. Examples of somatic cells include fat cells, blood cells, skin cells, or any body cell that is not a sex cell. Mitosis is necessary to replace dead cells, damaged cells, or cells that have short life spans. Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are generated in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are produced in male and female gonads  and  contain one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. New gene combinations are introduced in a population through the genetic recombination that occurs during meiosis. Thus, unlike the two genetically identical cells produced in mitosis, the meiotic cell cycle produces four cells that are genetically different. Key Takeaways: Mitosis vs Meiosis Mitosis and meiosis are nuclear division processes that occur during cell division.Mitosis involves the division of body cells, while meiosis involves the division of sex cells.The division of a cell occurs once in mitosis but twice in meiosis.Two daughter cells are produced after mitosis and cytoplasmic division, while four daughter cells are produced after meiosis.Daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid, while those resulting from meiosis are haploid.Daughter cells that are the product of mitosis are genetically identical. Daughter cells produced after meiosis are genetically diverse.Tetrad formation occurs in meiosis but not mitosis. Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis Lily Anther Microsporocyte in Telophase II of Meiosis. Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images 1. Cell Division Mitosis: A somatic cell divides once. Cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) occurs at the end of telophase.Meiosis: A reproductive cell divides twice. Cytokinesis happens at the end of telophase I and telophase II. 2. Daughter Cell Number Mitosis: Two daughter cells are produced. Each cell is diploid containing the same number of chromosomes.Meiosis: Four daughter cells are produced. Each cell is haploid containing one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. 3. Genetic Composition Mitosis: The resulting daughter cells in mitosis are genetic clones (they are genetically identical). No recombination or crossing over occur.Meiosis: The resulting daughter cells contain different combinations of genes. Genetic recombination occurs as a result of the random segregation of homologous chromosomes into different cells and by the process of crossing over (transfer of genes between homologous chromosomes). 4. Length of Prophase Mitosis: During the first mitotic stage, known as prophase, chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form at opposite poles of the cell. A cell spends less time in prophase of mitosis than  a cell  in prophase I of meiosis.Meiosis: Prophase I consists of five stages and lasts longer than prophase of mitosis. The five stages of meiotic prophase I are leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. These five stages do not occur in mitosis. Genetic recombination and crossing over take place during prophase I. 5. Tetrad Formation Mitosis: Tetrad formation does not occur.Meiosis: In prophase I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up closely together forming what is called a tetrad. A tetrad consists of four chromatids (two sets of sister chromatids). 6. Chromosome Alignment in Metaphase Mitosis: Sister chromatids (duplicated chromosome comprised of two identical chromosomes connected at the centromere region) align at the metaphase plate (a plane that is equally distant from the two cell poles).Meiosis: Tetrads (homologous chromosome pairs) align at the metaphase plate in metaphase I. 7. Chromosome Separation Mitosis: During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and begin migrating centromere first toward opposite poles of the cell. A separated sister chromatid becomes known as daughter chromosome and is considered a full chromosome.Meiosis: Homologous chromosomes migrate toward opposite poles of the cell during anaphase I. Sister chromatids do not separate in anaphase I. Mitosis and Meiosis Similarities Plant cell in Interphase. In interphase, the cell is not undergoing cell division. The nucleus and chromatin are evident. Ed Reschke/Getty Images While the processes of mitosis and meiosis contain a number of differences, they are also similar in many ways. Both processes have a growth period called interphase, in which a cell replicates its genetic material and organelles in preparation for division. Both mitosis and meiosis involve phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Although in meiosis, a cell goes through these cell cycle phases twice. Both processes also involve the lining up of individual duplicated chromosomes, known as sister chromatids, along the metaphase plate. This happens in metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II of meiosis. In addition, both mitosis and meiosis involve the separation of sister chromatids and the formation of daughter chromosomes. This event occurs in anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis. Finally, both processes end with the division of the cytoplasm that produces individual cells.

Personal Narrative I Was Adopted Essay - 1581 Words

I was adopted. I never knew my real mother; rather, I knew her at one time but I left her side when I was too little to be able to remember. I loved my adopted family though. They were so kind to me. I ate well, I lived in a warm and comfortable house, and I got to stay up pretty late. Let me tell you about my family real fast: First, there’s my mother. I never called her Mom or anything like that; I just called her by her first name. Janice. She didn’t mind at all though. I called her that for so long, I don’t think she even noticed. Anyhow, she was a very kind woman. I think that she is the one who recommended my adoption in the first place. Sometimes I would lay my head against her in front of the television and she would tickle my back with her nails. She is one of those Hollywood mothers. Second, there’s Dad. His real name was Richard, but he never really liked me much so I began to refer to him as Dad in a desperate attempt to gain his affection. It didn’t work. I think that no matter what I called him, he would never love me as much as his own child. That’s understandable so I really didn’t press the matter. The most notable attribute of Dad was his unmoving sternness. He was not afraid to pop his children when they did something wrong. I found that out before I could use the restroom properly. He didn’t hesitate to spank me. Well, I’m in line and it’s because of his methods. Lastly, is my sister. Little Emily was really young when I was adopted, so we were aboutShow MoreRelatedIn My Creative Nonfiction Genre Proposal, I Stated That,1571 Words   |  7 Pagesmy creative nonfiction genre proposal, I stated that, â€Å"my [creative writing project s] focus will be literary essays that address humanity’s universal desire for a sense of identity and belonging; these essays will be written from a personal perspective, containing anecdotes, internal conflicts, and external opinions† (1). 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Assignment Strategic Management free essay sample

Do firms with the following financial results have below normal, normal, or above normal economic performance? If  ROA  gt; WACC: * Company creates value for shareholders * Company generates a positive NPV (Net Present Value) * Company generates a positive EVA (Economic Value Added) (a) ROA = 14. 3%, WACC = 12. 8% Above normal economic performance (b) ROA = 4. 3%, WACC = 6. 7% Below normal economic performance (c) ROA = 6. 5%, WACC = 9. 2% Below normal economic performance (d) ROA = 8. 3%, WACC = 8. 3% Normal economic performance . Is it possible for a firm to simultaneously earn above normal economic returns and below average accounting returns? How about below normal economic returns and above average accounting returns? Why or why not? If this can occur, which measure of performance is more reliable; economic performance or accounting performance? Why? The correlation between economic returns and accounting returns is one-to-one. That means a company that performs well using o ne of these measures usually perfrm well using the other. However, it is possible for a company to have above normal economic returns and below average accounting returns. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment Strategic Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This could happen when a firm has a very low cost of capital and is earning at a rate in excess of this cost, but still below the industry average. Is also possible for a company to have below normal economic returns and above average accounting returns. This could happen when a firm is not earning its cost of capital but has above industry average accounting performance. 1,3,5 chapter 2 1, 2